16 English Garden Ideas & Elements - Garden Design (2024)

If you’ve ever been inspired by classic English gardens but are daunted by creating one yourself, there are many different ways to incorporate this design style into your landscape. You don’t need to own a country estate or large property; even those with smaller yards can replicate the appearance of an English style garden.

If you don’t want to completely revamp your yard, you can still incorporate aspects of English gardens here and there. By following a few basic design principles, you can achieve the look of a quaint English garden in your own yard. Here are some English garden ideas to get you started.

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ENGLISH GARDEN ELEMENTS

English gardens consist of hardscaping and formal hedging to instill a sense of order, with less formal planting borders as a counterbalance. Include some or all of these English garden elements to create compelling visual interest and timeless appeal.

1. Garden Rooms

Create a series of garden rooms with different functions, which will make your yard feel larger. Enclose these areas with hedging, fencing, screening, gates, or walls. Learn more about garden rooms.

2. Pathways

Add pathways to connect garden rooms and provide a place to walk. Typical English pathways are constructed of brick or stone pavers. For a more eco-friendly solution, use spaced flagstones, crushed gravel, mulch, or other permeable surface that allows water to percolate into the soil rather than running off. Instead of a traditional straight-line pathway, create meandering paths for a sense of intrigue.

3. Water Features

Ponds, streams, waterfalls, rills, fountains, or birdbaths add reflections and the soothing sound of moving water. Grand multi-tiered fountains made of stone or concrete are a hallmark of traditional English landscapes. Smaller spaces can be adorned with a tabletop fountain, birdbath or water bowl.

4. Layered Mixed Borders

Create layered plantings with trees for height, shrubs as structural and background elements, and perennials with interesting foliage and flowers that contribute color throughout the growing season. Intersperse annuals to fill in gaps and for quick color through summer and into fall. Use dwarf varieties for small spaces.

5. Evergreen Shrubs

Add evergreen shrubs for structure, year-round color, and background interest. These can include broadleaf evergreens such as boxwood and holly that can be sheared into formal shapes, or conifers such as yew and juniper. For smaller spaces, use dwarf varieties. To reduce maintenance, include varieties such as ‘Green Gem’ boxwood and Sky Box® Japanese Holly that need little or no pruning.

6. Focal Points

Include a statue, urn, planter, or reflective gazing ball as a central feature in a garden room, or at the end of a pathway to draw the eye through the landscape. Classic English statuary is typically made from stone or concrete and includes likenesses of human figurines, cherubs, angels, or animals. Choose traditional features or something else to suit your own personal taste. A bench, fountain, or attractive plant specimen can also be used as a focal point.

7. Seating

Place seating strategically throughout your yard as destinations to relax and enjoy garden vignettes or larger views. English garden seating traditionally consists of large stone benches, but you can create your own look with benches made from other materials or by using other types of seating such as bistro chairs.

8. Plant Closely

Place plants closely together for the full dense look of an English-style border. Filling in gaps between plants will help reduce weeds and retain moisture by shading the soil.

9. Structures

Use structures to add vertical height, create focal points, or mark the transition between spaces. These can include a pergola for shade, a sturdy arbor to support larger plants such as climbing roses and wisteria, or trellises for smaller vining plants such as morning glory. Add a decorative gate for a grand entrance or to separate garden areas.

10. Roses

Roses are an essential component of English landscapes. Include fragrant varieties and incorporate different types such as climbers, shrub, and ground cover roses. To reduce maintenance, choose disease-resistant types that need little or no pruning and deadheading such as Oso Easy®, Knock Out®, and Flower Carpet® roses.

11. Green Areas

Include a green area such as a lawn to allow space between beds. To reduce the use of water and fertilizer, substitute traditional turf grass with tough ground covers that are waterwise and low maintenance, such as creeping thyme, bugleweed (Ajuga), Corsican mint, creeping Jenny, succulents, mosses, or sedges.

12. Repetition

Create repetition by repeating the same color plants throughout the landscape, which will lend cohesiveness. Plant in drifts of 3 to 5 of the same variety for more visual impact.

13. Hedging

Add formal hedging and topiaries using boxwood or other shrubs to enclose borders, define garden rooms and pathways, and as background elements.

14. Four-season appeal

Create four-season appeal by including plants with flowers that bloom at different times, colored foliage, evergreens, varieties with foliage or berries for fall color, and plants with attractive bark or seed heads for winter interest.

15. Include Plants with Fragrance

Include plants with fragrance for a multi-sensory experience. Part of the English garden experience is the romantic scent of flowers wafting on a gentle breeze. Scented plants can include roses, daffodil, honeysuckle, jasmine, lavender, lilac, lilies, peony, phlox, and pinks. Place fragrant plants near a seating area where they can be most enjoyed. (See our Top 20 Fragrant Flowering Plants)

16. Use Drought-Tolerant Plants in Drier Regions

With many areas becoming drier due to climate change, you can still get the English look by using more drought-tolerant varieties. Instead of mop head hydrangea, plant more drought-tolerant oak leaf hydrangea. Moisture-loving cardinal flower (Lobelia) can be replaced with salvia. Some plants such as bee balm (Monarda) and perennial sunflower (Helianthus) are tolerant of wet or dry conditions.

HOW TO DESIGN AN ENGLISH-STYLE GARDEN

Choose and evaluate your site. English-style borders need full to partial sun and good drainage. Find an area in your yard that gets 6 to 8 hours of direct sun during most of the growing season. Amend the soil to create a rich growing medium.

Get ideas. Peruse online resources such as Pinterest and gardening websites for inspiration. Visit local gardens featuring English elements to see what plants do best in your area. Make a list of features you want to include.

Make a plan. Draw a rough sketch to visualize how your yard will look. For more involved projects, consult a landscape professional.

Consider scale. Select materials, plants, and features that are in scale with your home and yard. If you have limited space, you can still include a small water feature such as a tabletop fountain or birdbath. Use bistro seating instead of a large bench. Substitute larger plant species with dwarf varieties that won’t outgrow the space.

Consider style. Choose a color scheme, materials, plants, and accessories that will complement your home’s facade. Combine English-style elements with other features that suit your personal taste.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN ENGLISH AND A COTTAGE GARDEN?

Though the terms “English” and “cottage” gardens are often used interchangeably, there are distinct differences. Elements of these two styles are commonly combined.

The earliest English gardens were created by the English noble class on expansive properties. These grand estate gardens were characterized by formal symmetrical design, large expanses of manicured green lawn, walled garden rooms, exuberant flower borders, neatly clipped hedging, and embellished with classic sculptures and oversized water features. These formal gardens were viewed as a display of wealth and were primarily ornamental.

Cottage gardens were cultivated by peasants who lived in modest cottages on small rural properties. These gardens were more functional and informally designed, consisting of vegetables, fruit trees, medicinal herbs and flowers, and were often enclosed by a low field stone wall or picket fence to keep out livestock. Learn more about cottage garden design.

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